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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits a signal to another, it makes use of chemicals known as neurotransmitters. These need to cross a tiny gap called a synapse. Some ADHD medications make the passing along of these messages more efficient. They can either aid in the release of neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the process of reuptake (called reuptake inhibiters). Doctors start ADHD patients with a low dose and monitor their reaction. They alter the dosage over time to discover a “sweet spot” -the lowest dose that offers clear improvement in symptoms with minimal adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, the first medication that doctors use to treat ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It increases the amount of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brains of children, which helps them pay attention and concentrate. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken under a doctor’s supervision as it is a controlled substance. The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It is available in tablets that release immediately as well as chewable tablets and capsules. Certain versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from phenylketonuria (an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual disability). Tell your provider if you or your child suffer from food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate reduces aberrant activity, particularly in the accumbens nucleus as well as a set of brain networks involved in adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been found to be one of the most effective medications in treating ADHD. The effects of stimulants can be averted which include a loss of appetite, sleepiness, stomach upset headache, anxiety, disturbances, and antics. These are rare however they can be serious. You should consult your physician immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child is suffering from allergies or a history of heart disease, depression, bipolar disorder, or other mental health conditions, glaucoma, a history of stroke or seizures or if you're taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) or linezolid (Zyvox) or Methylene Blue, or Phenelzine (Nardil). It is essential to take methylphenidate according to the dosage recommended by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines speed up messages between brain cells and aid in focusing your mind and ignore distractions. They are the most frequently prescribed medications for treating ADHD in children and adults. They increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines are available in both short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting versions. They can be taken either orally or via injection. Some people have a tough time with the side effects of stimulant medication like sleeplessness, insomnia, or an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Your doctor will observe the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the right one for you. Some patients may need to take a combination of medicines to achieve the desired effects. Stimulant drugs work by affecting two important neurotransmitters in the pre-frontal cortex. It is the brain region that helps regulate emotions and control your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health issues that include depression, ADD/ADHD, anxiety and bipolar disorder. The most popular kinds of stimulant drugs are methylphenidates and amphetamines. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of types, from short-acting up to long-acting. They are injected either orally or via injection. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teenagers who take them to stay awake and study for tests or by truck drivers and students who require an extra boost of energy to compete in endurance sports. Amphetamines may cause mental and physical issues when used improperly, especially in higher doses. ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medications. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are built on the same chemical that stimulants do, however they are less likely to exacerbate the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medicines are used to treat teens and children with ADHD. They can be taken by mouth or applied on the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed or swallowed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available with a prescription. They include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana) and amphetamines (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants have a rapid effect and last from 3 and 6 hours. These medications ease the symptoms of 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce the tendency to fidget and interruptions, and make it easier to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and interpersonal relationships. But they don't solve the underlying problems that cause ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavior therapy. It is important to be aware that ADHD medications can cause negative side effects. You may feel drowsy or cranky. You may also feel sleepy. These effects are usually minor and will disappear as soon as the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor will probably ask you to take a small dose at first and then increase it gradually. They'll watch to see how the medication affects your child or you, and look for any problems. Finding the best medication for you or your children may take some time. It's best to open with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They may suggest changes in the frequency of medications that you or your child is taking or if any medication is required at any time. They will also be looking to determine if you or your child have any other mental or medical conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activity of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This boosts the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two chemical substances that are crucial for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your mind). The majority of kids with ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor will work with you to figure out what kind of medication and dosage is best for you. You may have to try various types of medications before you find the one that works for you or your children. It is possible to take stimulants with immediate release in liquid form as well as chewable tablets. These medications perform quickly and last for three to four hours. Some people experience a problem when the medication wears off, which is called the “crash effect.” This typically results in a sharp reduction in energy levels and can result in intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine or Lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require a prescription. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they become active in the red blood cells. It takes time to find the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or you. adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication will monitor how you respond to medication and look for signs such as sleep disturbances. They will also inform you about medications that are not stimulant if you or your child aren't responding well to the stimulants. You should never alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It is also essential to inform your doctor about any over-the counter medications and supplements you are taking, because certain medications can interfere with certain ADHD medication. Long-acting stimulants Stimulant medications work for 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD, helping to cut the amount of hyperactivity, interruptions fidgeting, impulsivity, and fidgeting. They can also help people focus, finish tasks, and maintain relationships. However, they aren't able to reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also trigger side effects such as sleepiness, loss of appetite and nervousness. They may also cause stomachaches, changes in the heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. The majority begin to work within 30 to 45 minutes and fade in 3 to 6 hours. They can be used alone or in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these long acting stimulants, like atomoxetine-ER (Intuniv) and Guanfacine (Strattera) can last all night and the next morning. Some doctors recommend taking them to fill an afternoon trough, so patients do not require an additional dose of medication at school or in the afternoon. Long-acting stimulants don't increase dopamine levels as dramatically as intermediate- and short-acting drugs, but they do increase their levels significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as shorter-acting stimulants. Due to the potential for adverse effects Because of the potential for side effects, long-acting stimulants are generally prescribed as a second line treatment for adults and older teens suffering from ADHD. But they can be utilized as a first-line treatment for certain people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications. Although medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control but it's not the only option for those with ADHD. When combined with a healthy sleep routine, healthy eating, and other self-help strategies, it's often possible to decrease or eliminate the necessity for ADHD medicine.